Lot 2909. An exceptionally well-carved rhinoceros horn libation cup, Qing dynasty, 18th century; 7 1/4 in. (18.5 cm.) wide. Estimate HKD 5,000,000 - HKD 10,000,000. Price Realized HKD 5,780,000. © Christie's Images Ltd 2011

Superbly carved around the sides in different levels of relief with two scholars in a wooded river retreat, one standing on a bridge over a fast-flowing river, holding a staff aloft with an attendant standing beside him, while the other scholar on horseback descends steep stairs nestled amongst the precipitous cliffs and rocky overhangs on which grow mature pine, wutong, wisteria and other trees carved in the round, the handle formed from the thick boughs of a pine tree which extend over the rim where rockwork is carved on the interior, the horn of rich caramel colour.

Note: The theme of scholars in rustic retreats found its inspiration from literary paintings of the Ming dynasty and appears to have been popular with rhinoceros horn carvers. Perhaps because it showed off their talent in the carving of intricate landscapes, while it also would have appealed to the taste of their clients, who could imagine themselves enjoying the tranquility and joys of such natural settings. Several cups of this type are illustrated by T. Fok, Connoisseurship of Rhinoceros Horn Carving in China, Hong Kong, 1999, nos. 136, 151, 154 and 159.