Pillow, Jin dynasty (1115-1234). Stoneware with underglaze incised and slip decoration (Cizhou ware), 17.9 x 28.5 cm. Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1923-21-257.

Pillow, Jin dynasty (1115-1234). Stoneware with underglaze incised and slip decoration (Cizhou ware), 17.7 × 29.2 × 29.5 cm. Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1923-21-258.

Pillow, Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Glazed stoneware (Cizhou ware), 11.7 x 31.5 cm. Gift of Charles H. Ludington from the George Crofts Collection, 1923. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1923-21-560.

Pillow in the Form of a Reclining Girl, 12th century, Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Stoneware with underglaze slip decoration (Cizhou ware), 12.8 × 34 × 15 cm. Gift of Major General and Mrs. William Crozier, 1944. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1944-20-171a,b.

Pillow, Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Glazed stoneware (Green Jun ware), 12.1 x 24.8 x 19.7 cm. Gift of Major General and Mrs. William Crozier, 1944. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1944-20-97a,b.

This rare Jun ware pillow is covered in a green glaze rather than the usual opaque blue glaze associated with the Jun kiln.

Pillow with Confucian Scholar, Buddhist Monk, and Daoist Priest, 1178, Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), Dading Period (1161-89). Stoneware with underglaze slip decoration; Cizhou ware, 9.8 × 27.8 × 19.5 cm. Made in Xiawu, Henan Province. Gift of Mrs. Carroll S. Tyson, 1957. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1957-26-1.

This remarkable design is unique among known examples of Cizhou pillows. Even before the tenth century, the great belief systems of Chinese civilization, Confusianism, Buddhism, and Daoism— represented here by these figures playing Chinese chess—were viewed as mutually complementary and inextricably linked to the same goal. The so-called Three Teachings was a popular theme in tenth- to thirteenth-century paintings.

Pillow, Late 12th - early 13th century, Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Stoneware with underglaze slip decoration (Cizhou ware), 11.1 x 30.5 x 20 cm. Made in Guantai, Henan Province. Gift of Mrs. Carroll S. Tyson, 1957. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1957-26-4.

Pillow with Floral Design, Jin dynasty (1115-1234). Stoneware with sancai (three color) glaze and incised decoration (Cizhou ware), 10.2 x 29.8 x 21 cm. Gift of Mrs. Carroll S. Tyson, 1957. Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1956-26-7.