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12 avril 2017

Xuande period (1426-1435) reaches the peak of perfection

Xuande's reign is among the famous peaceful times in China's history and also witnessed the peak time of the development of the royal kilns in the Ming Dynasty. According to the archaeological discoveries, a large quantities of kiln furnaces were built at this time, which resulted to the sharp increase of the porcelain output. According to the Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty, only in the eighth year under Xuande's reign, the royal kilns were ordered to produce 443,500 pieces of porcelains. Xuande's imperial porcelains were famous for its simply design, jade-like glaze and colorful decorations, but the Emperor Xuande seemed to like the blue-and-white style better, therefore, the blue-and-white porcelains made in this period had the largest output and best quality. Besides, many new forms and decorations were created and the inscription system for the porcelains gradually became matured and was inherited by later generations.

Blue-and-white covered jar with the design of dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435)

 Blue-and-white covered jar with the design of dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 60cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white jar with the design of dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white jar with the design of dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 24.8cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white jar with the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white jar with the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 27.6cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white prune-shaped vase with the design of dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white prune-shaped vase with the design of dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 8.4cm; diameter of bottom 16cm; height 54.4cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white prune-shaped vase with the design of flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white prune-shaped vase with the design of flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 54.4cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1993. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Celadon and white glazed prune-shaped vases with seats (one pair), Xuande period (1426-1435)

Celadon and white glazed prune-shaped vases with seats (one pair), Xuande period (1426-1435)

Celadon and white glazed prune-shaped vases with seats (one pair), Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 43.1cm; height 45.5cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1993. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Speckled-blue-glazed bowl with the design of engraved dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Speckled-blue-glazed bowl with the design of engraved dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 26.4cm; height 13cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1983. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white bowl with the design of dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white bowl with the design of dragon, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 26.2cm; height 13cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1983. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white washer with flower-shaped rim and the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white washer with flower-shaped rim and the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 18.4cm; height 4.1cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white washer with flower-shaped mouth and the design of fish and water plants, Xuande period(1426-1435)

Blue-and-white washer with flower-shaped mouth and the design of fish and water plants, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 18cm; height 4.3cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1993. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white ewer with straight neck, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white ewer with straight neck, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 33.5cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white octagonal candle holder with the design of flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white octagonal candle holder with the design of flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 27cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1988. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white holy-water vase with interlocking branches of peony, Xuande period (1426-1435)

 Blue-and-white holy-water vase with interlocking branches of peony, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 21.7cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1993. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white covered container 'dou' with the design of flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white covered container "dou" with the design of flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 12.5cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white bowl with bulged belly and the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white bowl with bulged belly and the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 16cm; height 13cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

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Blue-and-white bowl with bulged belly and check patterns, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 16cm; height 13cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1993. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white ewer with the cover in the shape of a monk's cap and dragon patterns, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white ewer with the cover in the shape of a monk's cap and dragon patterns, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 23.7cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white ewer with the cover in the shape of a monk's cap and the design of lotus flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white ewer with the cover in the shape of a monk's cap and the design of lotus flowersXuande period (1426-1435). Height 23.4cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1983. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Sapphire-blue-glazed ewer with the cover in the shape of a monk's cap, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Sapphire-blue-glazed ewer with the cover in the shape of a monk's cap, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 20.3cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white octagonal flower pot with red-glazed decorations, Xuande period(1426-1435)

Blue-and-white octagonal flower pot with red-glazed decorations, Xuande period(1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 40cm; height 20.3cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white bowl with flower-shaped rim, Xuande period (1426-1435)

 Blue-and-white bowl with flower-shaped rim, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 24.4cm; height 12.4cm. Unearthed from Zhushan in 1984. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Red-glazed peach-shaped water dropper, Xuande period(1426-1435)

Red-glazed peach-shaped water dropper, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 14cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Red-glazed water dropper with phoenix-shaped mouth, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Red-glazed water dropper with phoenix-shaped mouth, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 12.3cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Green-glazed water dropper with phoenix-shaped mouth, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Green-glazed water dropper with phoenix-shaped mouth, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 12.3cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white water dropper with the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white water dropper with the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435). Height 10.9cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Under-glazed-red high-stemmed cup with the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Under-glazed-red high-stemmed cup with the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 15cm; height 10.6cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Iron-red-glazed single-handle cup, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Iron-red-glazed single-handle cup,  Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 15.5cm; height 10.6cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white single-handle cup with the design of dragons and flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white single-handle cup with the design of dragons and flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 17cm; height 12cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white toad-shaped bird feeder, Xuande period (1426-1435)

 Blue-and-white toad-shaped bird feeder, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 3.4cm; height 4.3cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white bird feeder with engraved figures and flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white bird feeder with engraved figures and flowers, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 3.8cm; height 4.5cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white double bird feeder, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white double bird feeder, Xuande period (1426-1435). Length 10.1cm; height 5.3cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white cricket jar with the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white cricket jar with the design of dragons, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 13cm; height 9.5cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white cricket jar with the design of phoenix

Blue-and-white cricket jar with the design of phoenix, Xuande period(1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 13cm; height 9.5cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white cricket jar with the design of singing birds, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white cricket jar with the design of singing birds, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 13.5cm; height 9.5cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Clashing-color-glazed plate with the design of birds in lotus pond, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Clashing-color-glazed plate with the design of birds in lotus pond, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 21.5cm; height 4.6cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white plate with the design of plants, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white plate with the design of plants, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 35.7cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Blue-and-white plate with the design of blue plants against yellow background, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Blue-and-white plate with the design of blue plants against yellow background, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 35.4cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Plate with the design of white plants against blue background, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Plate with the design of white plants against blue background, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 35.0cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Red-glazed plate, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Red-glazed plate, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 18.3cm; diameter of bottom 11.6cm; height 4.3cm. Collected by Hunan Provincial Museum.

Plate used for testing the blue cobalt, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Plate used for testing the blue cobalt, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 17.6cm; diameter of bottom 11.2cm; height 3.9cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Under-glazed-red bowl with the design of legendary beasts, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Under-glazed-red bowl with the design of legendary beasts, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 11.9cm; height 7.3cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Yellow-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Yellow-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth; height 7.4cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institut.

Sapphire-blue-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Sapphire-blue-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 13.8cm; height 7.5cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Red-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Red-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 13.6cm; height 7.3cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Malachite-green-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Malachite-green-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 20.7cm; height 9.4cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

Golden-brown-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435)

Golden-brown-glazed bowl, Xuande period (1426-1435). Diameter of mouth 10.0cm; height 5.3cm. Collected by Jingdezhen Ceramics Archaeology Research Institute.

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