Lot 173. A rare rhinoceros horn raft libation cup, 17th Century. Estimate 60,000 — 80,000 USD. Lot sold 132,000 USD. Photo: Sotheby's.

finely carved as Zhang Qian in a log raft seated confidently on a raised perch naturally formed by the gap between two gnarled upright branches, dressed in loose robes and a small cap, his softly modeled face with a long wispy beard, his left arm casually resting on a branch, the well hollowed craft tapering to the elongated knotty prow, the underside carved in low relief with an eddying whirlpool, the well-polished translucent horn of warm amber tone; 8 1/4 in., 21 cm

Note: This piece belongs to a small group of rhinoceros horn raft cups depicting the Han Dynasty statesman Zhang Qian, who according to legend, on one of his journeys succeeded in discovering the source of the Yangzi River and in another legend discovered the source of the Milky Way. 

The horn is carved using the side of the horn as it is oriented horizontally.  It is believed that these were actually used as wine containers rather than cups because of the small opening at the tip of the prow.  According to Jan Chapman, the most common type of horn is the Indian rhinoceros.  For a detailed discussion on the preparation and carving of these raft horns, see Jan Chapman, The Art of Rhinoceros Horn Carving in China, London, 1999, pp.77-81.