Centre Pompidou opens major retrospective of the work of artist Cy Twombly
Cy Twombly, "Blooming," 2001-2008 (Courtesy Archives Fondazione Nicola Del Roscio Photo : Studio Silvano, Gaeta © Cy Twombly Foundation)
PARIS - Le Centre Pompidou organise la première rétrospective complète de l’œuvre de l’artiste américain Cy Twombly. Événement de l’automne 2016, cette exposition d’une ampleur inédite sera uniquement présentée à Paris. Elle rassemble des prêts exceptionnels, venant de collections publiques et privées du monde entier.
Construite autour de trois grands cycles : Nine Discourses on Commodus (1963), Fifty Days at Iliam (1978) et Coronation of Sesostris (2000), cette rétrospective retrace l’ensemble de la carrière de l’artiste à travers un parcours chronologique de cent quarante peintures, sculptures, dessins et photographies permettant d’appréhender toute la richesse d’un œuvre, à la fois savant et sensuel. Dans cette sélection, le visiteur pourra découvrir les œuvres emblématiques de l’artiste dont beaucoup, jamais exposées en France.
PARIS.- The Centre Pompidou is presenting a major retrospective of the work of American artist Cy Twombly. A key event of the fall 2016, this exceptionally vast exhibition will only be shown in Paris, and features remarkable loans from private and public collections from all over the world.
Organized around three major cycles – Nine Discourses on Commodus (1963), Fifty Days at Iliam (1978) and Coronation of Sesostris (2000) – this retrospective covers the artist’s entire career in a chronological circuit of some 140 paintings, sculptures, drawings and photographs, providing a clear picture of an extraordinarily rich body of work which is both intellectual and sensual. The selection includes many of Twombly’s iconic works, several of them never previously exhibited in France.
Cy Twombly + relics, Robert Rauschenberg, Rome 1952
Né en 1928 à Lexington, Virginie, Cy Twombly est décédé en 2011, à l’âge de quatre-vingt-trois ans, à Rome où il a passé une grande partie de sa vie. Unanimement salué comme l’un des plus grands peintres de la seconde moitié du 20e siècle, Twombly qui, depuis la fin des années 1950, partageait sa vie entre l’Italie et les États-Unis, «syncrétise» l’héritage de l’expressionisme abstrait américain et les origines de la culture méditerranéenne. De ses premiers travaux du début des années 1950, marqués par les arts dits primitifs, le graffiti et l’écriture, jusqu’à ses dernières peintures aux couleurs exubérantes, en passant par ses compositions très charnelles du début des années 1960 et sa réponse à l’art minimal et conceptuel dans les années 1970, cette rétrospective souligne l’importance que Cy Twombly accorde aux cycles et aux séries dans lesquels il réinvente la grande peinture d’Histoire. L’exposition est aussi l’occasion de rendre sensible la relation forte entretenue par l’artiste avec Paris. Le Centre Pompidou lui avait dès 1988 consacré une première importante rétrospective.
L’exposition est organisée en étroite collaboration avec la Cy Twombly Foundation et son président Nicola del Roscio, la Fondazione Nicola Del Roscio, Gaeta et avec le soutien d’Alessandro Twombly, le fils de l’artiste.
Born in 1928 in Lexington, Virginia, Cy Twombly died in 2011 at the age of 83 in Rome, where he spent a large part of his life. Unanimously acclaimed as one of the greatest painters of the second half of the 20th century, Twombly, who began dividing his life between Italy and America in the late Fifties, merged the legacy of American abstract expressionism with the origins of Mediterranean culture. From his first works in the early Fifties (marked by the so-called primitive arts, graffiti and writing) to his last paintings with their exuberant colour schemes, by way of the highly carnal compositions of the early Sixties and his response to minimalist and conceptual art during the Seventies, this retrospective emphasises the importance of cycles and series for Twombly, in which he reinvented great history painting. The exhibition is also the occasion to highlight the artist’s close relationship with Paris. The Centre Pompidou had devoted a first substantial retrospective to him as early as 1988.
The exhibition is organized in close collaboration with the Cy Twombly Foundation and its president, Nicola Del Roscio, and the Fondazione Nicola Del Roscio in Gaeta, with the support of the artist’s son, Alessandro Twombly.
Cy Twombly and Robert Rauschenberg. Robert Rauschenberg, Venice 1952
Room 1
The 1950s saw Twombly evidence a precocious maturity. After leaving Black Mountain College – the experimental liberal arts college in North Carolina where he encountered the crème de la crème of the US avant-garde – the 24-year-old painter from Lexington, Virginia, set off on a trip to Europe and North Africa in the company of Robert Rauschenberg. On returning to New York in late spring 1953, he produced his first major works, the sounds of their titles recalling villages and archaeological sites of Morocco. These were followed by white canvases covered in script – Twombly disliked the term “graffiti” employed by many of the critics - and its suggestion of triviality. The masterpiece of the decade is undoubtedly the series of white paintings done at Lexington in 1959, which Leo Castelli however refused to show. The austerity of their pictorial language makes outstanding works, economy of means being pushed to an extreme in the combination of white house paint and pencil.
Cy Twombly, Sans titre (Lexington), 1951. Peinture industrielle sur toile, 101,6 x 121,9 cm. Cy Twombly Foundation © Cy Twombly Foundation, courtesy Archives Nicola Del Roscio
Cy Twombly, Volubilis, 1953 Mine de plomb blanche, peinture industrielle, crayon à la cire sur toile 139,7 x 193 cm Cy Twombly Foundation, en dépôt à la Menil Collection, Houston © The Menil Collection © Photo Hickey-Robertson, Houston.
Cy Twombly. Robert Rauschenberg, Tangier, Winter 1952/1953
Cy Twombly in Fulton Street Studio. Robert Rauschenberg, New York 1954
Room 2
In the summer of 1957, Cy Twombly returned to Italy to visit his friend Betty Stokes, who was married to Venetian aristocrat Alvise Di Robilant and had just given birth to their first child. The Robilants were then living at Grottaferrata, where Twombly took several photographs of Betty. During his stay, he also made a series of eight wax crayons drawings, which he presented to her. One of these has since been separated from the group, leaving only seven, outstanding in their vigorous hand and lively colour.
Cy Twombly, Sans titre (Grottaferrata), 1957. Crayon à la cire et mine de plomb sur papier quadrillé, 21,6 x 29,9 cm. Collection particulière © Galerie Karsten Greve, St. Moritz, Paris, Köln.
Cy Twombly, Sans titre (Grottaferrata), 1957. Crayon à la cire et mine de plomb sur papier quadrillé, 21,6 x 29,9 cm. Collection particulière © Galerie Karsten Greve, St. Moritz, Paris, Köln.
Cy Twombly, Sans titre (Grottaferrata), 1957. Crayon à la cire et mine de plomb sur papier quadrillé, 21,6 x 29,9 cm. Collection particulière © Galerie Karsten Greve, St. Moritz, Paris, Köln.
Cy Twombly, Sans titre (Grottaferrata), 1957. Crayon à la cire et mine de plomb sur papier quadrillé, 21,6 x 29,9 cm. Collection particulière © Galerie Karsten Greve, St. Moritz, Paris, Köln.
Room 4
After Twombly’s marriage to Italian aristocrat Luisa Tatiana Franchetti, celebrated in New York on 20 April 1959, the couple settled in Rome, living in a palazzo on the Via di Monserrato, in a quarter known for its intellectual life. Twombly had just given up using his fluid and viscous house paint for oil paint in tubes with precisely the opposite properties.
Between 1960 and 1962 he produced some of his most sexual paintings, Empire of Flora being an evocative example. Partial glimpses of body parts, male and female, are scattered over canvases that seem to preserve the sensual memory of hot Roman nights.
Cy Twombly, Sperlonga Collage, 1959. Morceau de papier cristal semi-transparent déchiré irrégulièrement et plié), peinture industrielle sur papier, 85 x 62 cm. Cy Twombly Foundation © Cy Twombly Foundation, courtesy Archives Nicola Del Roscio © Photo : Mimmo Capone
Cy Twombly. Tatiana Franchetti, Sperlonga, August 1959
Cy Twombly, School of Athens, 1961. Huile, peinture industrielle, crayon de couleur et mine de plomb sur toile, 190,3 x 200,5 cm. Collection particulière © Robert Bayer, Bildpunkt AG, Munchenstein
Cy Twombly, Dutch Interior, 1962. Crayon à la cire, mine de plomb, huile sur toile, 265 x 300 cm. Cy Twombly Foundation © Cy Twombly Foundation, courtesy Archives Nicola Del Roscio
Cy Twombly. Werner Schloske, Rome 1962
Cy Twombly. Tatiana Franchetti, Egypt 1962
Salle 5
Room 5
In late 1963, when John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Cy Twombly devoted a cycle of nine paintings to the Roman emperor Commodus (161-192), son of Marcus Aurelius and remembered as a cruel and bloodthirsty ruler. In these he conveys the climate of violence that prevailed during his reign, marked by executions and terror. Shown at Leo Castelli’s in New York in the spring of 1964, the paintings were roundly condemned by the critics. Won to the newly emergent Minimalism, the New York public was unable to grasp Twombly’s painterly gifts and his ability to render on canvas the complex psychological phases informing the life and death of the emperor. At the close of the exhibition, Twombly recovered the paintings, which would be sold to an Italian industrialist before being acquired in 2007 by the Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao.
Cy Twombly, Nine Discourses on Commodus, 1963. Oil, pencil, and wax crayon on canvas. Guggenheim Bilbao Museo, Bilbao © Cy Twombly Foundation, Rome © FMGB Guggenheim Bilbao Museoa, 2016
Room 6
Having painted a series under the sign of Eros in the very early part of the decade, in 1962 Twombly turned to Thanatos, death, a theme that finds paroxysmal expression in his first two meditations on the Trojan War, Achilles Mourning the Death of Patroclus and Vengeance of Achilles. In these two paintings, brought together for this exhibition, Twombly gives form to Achilles’ sorrow and fury on the death of his friend. The Ilium triptych, for its part, was broken up at an unknown date, the first panel joining the Eli and Edythe Broad collection in Los Angeles. In the early 2000s, Twombly painted a new version of that panel to recreate the triptych, then owned by collector François Pinault.
Cy Twombly, Achilles Mourning the Death of Patroclus (Achille pleurant la mort de Patrocle), 1962, 259 x 302 cm. Huile, mine de plomb sur toile. Collection Centre Pompidou, Paris © Centre Pompidou / P.Migeat / Dist. RMN-GP
Cy Twombly. Mario Dondero, Rome 1962
Room 9
Reacting to the Minimalism and Conceptualism that emerged in the United States in the 1960s, in 1966 Twombly, then living in Rome, embarked on a new series of remarkably austere paintings, with backgrounds of grey or black inscribed with simple forms or script-like loops in white wax crayon. He showed these at the Galleria Notizie, Turin, in early 1967. In the autumn, Leo Castelli in New York exhibited a second series, painted in January in a Canal Street loft made available to the painter by curator and collector David Whitney. Among the works shown was Untitled (New York City) (1967, cat. No. 75), which Twombly would later exchange with Andy Warhol for one of his Tuna Fish Disasters.
Cy Twombly, Night Watch, 1966. Peinture industrielle, crayon à la cire sur toile 190 x 200 cm. Collection particulière. Courtesy Jeffrey Hoffeld Fine Arts, Inc. © Courtesy Cheim & Read
Cy Twombly working on the Bolsena paintings. Ugo Mulas, Bolsena 1969
Cy Twombly outside his studio on the Bowery. Eliot Elisofon, New York 1971
Room 11
Twombly’s sculptures might be described as “assemblages” or “hybridisations”, in that they consist of disparate elements. These combinations of found materials (pieces of wood, electrical plugs, cardboard boxes, scraps of metal, dried or artificial flowers) are unified by a thin coat of plaster. The white in which they are roughly painted catches the light, bringing out subtle nuances in the surface and giving them a spectral appearance. As Twombly explained in an interview with art critic David Sylvester, “White paint is my marble”. Sometimes later cast in bronze, these sculptures suggest myths, symbolic objects, archaeological finds, as in Winter’s Passage Luxor (Porto Ercole) (1985). “Cy Twombly’s sculpture”, wrote Edmund de Waal, “seems more archaic than archaizing, as if the impulse behind its creation were ancient itself."
Cy Twombly, Sans titre (Formia), 1981. Bois, fil de fer, clous, ficelle, peinture blanche, 152 x 88,5 x 33,5 cm, Cy Twombly Foundation. © Cy Twombly Foundation, courtesy Foundazione Nicola Del Roscio © Photo : Mimmo Capone
Room 12
In 1975, Cy Twombly bought a 16th-century house at Bassano in Teverina, north of Rome, and after basic renovations he established his summer studio there. Inspired by Homer’s Iliad, read in Alexander Pope’s 18th-century English translation, he embarked in 1977 on the major cycle “Fifty Days at Iliam”, whose ten paintings were completed over two successive summers. In the word “Ilium”, one of the ancient names for Troy, Twombly replaced the U with an A, preferring the sound. For him, the letter A evoked Achilles, the Greek hero to whom he had devoted two paintings in 1962. After being shown in 1978 at the Lone Star Foundation (now Dia Art Foundation) in New York, the work remained boxed up for 10 years, to be seen again only upon its purchase in 1989 by the Philadelphia Museum of Art, where it is on permanent exhibition in a room devoted to Cy Twombly. This exhibition marks the first time it has been shown in Europe.
Cy Twombly. Rome 1972
Cy Twombly, Fifty Days at Iliam Shield of Achilles, 1978. Partie I: Huile, crayon à l'huile, mine de plomb sur toile, 191,8 x 170,2 cm. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphie, gift (by exchange) of Samuel S.White 3rd and Vera White 1989-90-1 © Courtesy of Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphie.
Cy Twombly, Fifty Days at Iliam Shades of Achilles, Patroclus and Hector, 1978. Partie VI: Huile, crayon à l’huile, mine de plomb sur toile, 299,7 x 491,5 cm. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphie, gift (by exchange) of Samuel S.White 3rd and Vera White, 1989-90-6 © Courtesy of Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphie.
Cy Twombly, Apollo, 1975. Pastel à l'huile et mine de plomb sur papier, 150 x 134 cm, Cy Twombly Foundation. © Cy Twombly Foundation, courtesy Archives Nicola Del Roscio © Photo : Mimmo Capone
“Coronation of Sesostris” is one of the major painting cycles that punctuate Cy Twombly’s career, differing from the purely abstract series in their incorporation of narrative elements. Inspired by the example of the god Râ, whose sun-boat traverses the heavens from dawn to dusk to the end of night, Twombly opens the series with luminous canvasses dominated by sunny yellow and red to close it in black and white with an evocation of Eros from a poem of Sappho’s: “Eros weaver of Myth / Eros, sweet and bitter / Eros, bringer of pain.” Twombly combines fragmentary references to Sesostris I, to ancient Greek poets Sappho and Alcman, and to the contemporary poet Patricia Waters. Begun at Twombly’s house in Bassano, this cycle was completed after the canvases were shipped to Lexington. Sally Mann’s photographs show canvases of different sizes tacked to the walls of the little studio, showing that they were stretched only when finished.
Cy Twombly, Coronation of Sesostris, 2000. Part III: Acrylique, crayon à la cire, mine de plomb sur toile, 206,1 x 136,5 cm. Pinault Collection © Cy Twombly Foundation. Courtesy Archives Nicola Del Roscio
Cy Twombly, Coronation of Sesostris, 2000. Part V: Acrylique, crayon à la cire, mine de plomb sur toile 206,1 x 156,5 cm. Pinault Collection. © Pinault Collection / Photo: Robert McKeever.
Cy Twombly, Coronation of Sesostris, 2000. Part VI: Acrylique, bâton de peinture, crayon à la cire, mine de plomb sur toile, 203,7 x 155,6 cm, Pinault Collection © Pinault Collection / Photo Robert Mc Keever
For the Bacchus series, painted at Twombly’s Gaeta studio in early 2005, in the midst of the Iraq War, the artist remembered again Homer’s Iliad and returned to the very characteristic writing he had explored in the “Black Paintings” of the late 1960s. Here, however, he replaced the white wax crayon with red paint evocative of both blood and wine, allowed to run freely across the vast beige canvases. The first series consisted of eight monumental paintings that were shown in late 2005 at the Gagosian Gallery on Madison Avenue in New York. Between 2006 and 2008, Twombly produced another series on the theme of Bacchus, some of these paintings being even larger in format. The two works here are from the first series.
Cy Twombly, Sans titre (A Gathering of Time), 2003. Acrylique sur toile, 215,9 x 267,3 cm, Udo et Anette Brandhorst Collection © BKP, Berlin. RMN-Grand Palais / Image BStGS
Cy Twombly, Untitled (Bacchus), 2005. Acrylique sur toile, 317,5 x 417,8 cm. Udo et Anette Brandhorst Collection © BKP, Berlin. RMN-Grand Palais / Image BStGS
Cy Twombly. François Halard, Gaeta, 2007
Cy Twombly, Camino Real (V), 2010. Acrylique sur panneau de bois, 252,4 x 185,1 cm. Fondation Louis Vuitton © Gagosian Gallery
Cy Twombly, Alessandro Twombly, 1965. Impression à sec sur carton, 43,2 x 28 cm, Cy Twombly Foundation. © Cy Twombly Foundation, courtesy Archives Nicola Del Roscio
Cy Twombly, Lemons, Gaète, 1998. Impression à sec sur carton, 43,1 x 27,9, Collection Fondazione Nicola del Roscio © Cy Twombly Foundation, courtesy Archives Nicola Del Roscio
Cy Twombly, Lemons, Gaète, 1998. Impression à sec sur carton, 43,1 x 27,9, Collection Fondazione Nicola del Roscio © Cy Twombly Foundation, courtesy Archives Nicola Del Roscio


























































