Kota, Obamba peoples, Reliquary Figure (Ngulu), Gabon, region of Franceville, late 19th century. Wood, copper, brass and indigenous repairs. Height 48 cm. Photo courtesy Galerie Jacques Germain

Provenance: Private collection, France

 Guro, Bété peoples, Face Mask (Gyé), Ivory Coast, central region, 19th century. Patinated wood, string and iron. Height 26 cm. 

Provenance: Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Jean-Pierre Laprugne, Paris

Bété peoples, Face mask (gyé), Ivory Coast, Western region, early 20th century. Patinated wood, metal and nails. Height 38 cm. 

Provenance: Private collection, Germany

Dogon peoples, Ancestor figure (Tintam style), Mali, Bandiagara Cliff, 14th century (1291-1410). Patinated wood and karite butter. Height 86 cm (34 in.).  14 testing / CIRAM, Paris, January 2015. 

Provenance: Collection of Jay C. Leff, Pennsylvania (as of 1959); collection of Allan Stone, New York

Literature: Walter A. Fairservis Jr., Exotic Art from Ancient and Primitive Civilizations, Collection Jay C. Leff, Pittsburgh, 1959; The Art of Black Africa, Collection of Jay C. Leff, exh. cat., Pittsburgh 1960, no. 14; African Art from the Collection of Jay C. Leff, exh. cat., New York 1967, lot 18

Unknown Luba artist, Pendant (mikisi mihasi), Democratic Republic of the Congo, 19th century. Patinated ivory. Height 7.5 cm. 

Provenance: Collection Max & Rose Granick, New York; private collection, Canada

Literature: Kate Ezra, African Ivories, New York 1984, fig. 2, cat. 55, p. 7

Bakota, Shake people, Reliquary figure (ngulu), Gabon, right bank of the Sébé Basin, early 19th century. Wood, copper, brass and bone. Height 33 cm. 

Provenance: Private collection, France; collection of Marsha & Saul Stanoff, Los Angeles; private collection, Canada

Literature: Jacques Germain, Art ancien de l'Afrique noire, Volume IV, Montreal 2008, p. 63; François Neyt, Fleuve Congo, Musée du quai Branly, Paris 2010 p. 184, fig. 122; Louis Perrois, Ancêtres Kota, Galerie Bernard Dulon, Paris 2011, pp. 32 and 82, fig. 3; Louis Perrois, Kota, Visions d'Afrique (Editions 5 Continents), Milan 2012, pp. 88 and 146, fig. 7; Editions 5 Continents / 28 nouveautés 2002 - 2012, Milan, 2012, p. 77

Exhibition: Montreal, Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Sacred Africa II. Collections of the MMFA, le Cirque du Soleil and the Redpath Museum (McGill University), November 18, 2008 - November 2010