Sumerian. Necklace Elements, early Dynastic IIIA Period, ca. 2600–2500 B.C.E. Gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian, chalcedony (?) on modern string , Overall length: 36.5 cm. Brooklyn Museum, Purchased with funds given by Shelby White, 1999.109.1.

Sumerian. Necklace Elements, early Dynastic IIIA Period, ca. 2600–2500 B.C.E. Gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian on modern string , Overall length: 70 cm. Brooklyn Museum, Purchased with funds given by Shelby White, 1999.109.2.

Sumerian. Beads, early Dynastic IIIA Period, ca. 2600–2500 B.C.E. Gold, lapis lazuli, carnelian on modern string , Overall length: 8 cm. Brooklyn Museum, Purchased with funds given by Shelby White, 1999.109.3.

The Sumerian culture in Iraq, established in the third millennium b.c., was one of the world’s earliest civilizations. It reached a height of luxury known to us primarily through the elegantly crafted jewelry found in the tombs of its rulers. The ornaments exhibited here include two finger rings and two pairs of earrings in gold, and beads fashioned in gold and semiprecious stones. The beads have been restrung in modern times. Originally, they belonged to elaborate necklaces, which were often so large that their strands had to be held apart by separators. A separator on the smallest strand here consists of four attached tubes in gold (no. 3). The large round bead in lapis lazuli, with a gold cap, was the head of an ornamental pin in silver; traces of silver remain in the hole (no. 4).

Sumerian. Finger Rings, early Dynastic IIIA Period, ca. 2600–2500 B.C.E. Gold, Diam. 2.1 cm & 0.9 cm, Brooklyn Museum, Purchased with funds given by Shelby White, 1999.109.4-5.

Sumerian. Hoop Earrings, early Dynastic IIIA Period, ca. 2600–2500 B.C.E. Gold. Brooklyn Museum, Purchased with funds given by Shelby White, 1999.109.6-7.

Sumerian. Hoop Earrings, early Dynastic IIIA Period, ca. 2600–2500 B.C.E. Gold. Brooklyn Museum, Purchased with funds given by Shelby White, 1999.109.7-8-9.

Sumerian. Pin Terminal, early Dynastic IIIA Period, ca. 2600–2500 B.C.E. Gold, lapis lazuli, traces of silver, 1 × Diam. 2.5 × 2.3 cm. Brooklyn Museum, Purchased with funds given by Shelby White, 1999.109.10.