The Triumph of the Name of Jesus. Oil on paper, laid down on canvas 64 3/16 x 43 11/16 in. (163.03 x 110.96 cm), Princeton University Art Museum. Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund and Laura P. Hall Memorial Fund, 2005-34, Photo: Princeton University Art Museum / Art Resource, NY.

FAIRFIELD, CONN.- The Fairfield University Art Museum is presenting a major international loan exhibition—The Holy Name. Art of the Gesù: Bernini and his Age, which is on view in the museum’s Bellarmine Hall Galleries from February 1 through May 19, 2018. Its focus is the Church of the Gesù (Chiesa del Santissimo Nome di Gesù all'Argentina) in Rome. The principal or mother church of the Society of Jesus, which was founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1540 in the charged religious and political climate of the Counter-Reformation, the Gesù is a testament to the power and prestige of the new religious order, its edifice a formidable symbol of the militant Church reborn. The long and at times fraught campaign to erect the church and embellish its interior, the imperative to formulate an imagery celebrating the order and its newly canonized saints, the competing visions of the Jesuits and their strong-willed patrons, and the boundless creative energies of the artists who realized the vastly ambitious project are all explored. 

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian, 1598-1680), Bust of Cardinal Roberto Bellarmino, 1621-24. Marble 30 ⅞ x 27 ½ x 19 ¾ in. (76.5 x 70 x 50 cm), Church of the Gesù, Rome. Photo: © Zeno Colantoni 

Situated in the heart of Rome in the shadow of the ancient Forum, the Gesù, designed by the Renaissance architects Jacopo Vignola and Giacomo della Porta, is one of the city’s most glorious architectural monuments. Its resplendent interior is famous for the grand illusionistic vault fresco, the Triumph of the Holy Name of Jesus (IHS) by Giovanni Battista Gaulli (il Baciccio)—a soaring vision of an expansive, light-filled heaven populated by the blessed from which demons tumble forth--and other celebrated works of art from the Baroque period. Gaulli was the disciple of the great impresario Gian Lorenzo Bernini, who was associated with the Gesù for much of his life. Early in his career, Bernini carved the marble bust for the tomb of the Jesuit Cardinal and theologian Roberto Bellarmino, and his close friendship with the Superior General of the Order, Gian Paolo Oliva, meant that he was deeply involved in the project to decorate the church’s interior decades later. According to his son Domenico, Bernini in his later years regularly attended mass at the Gesù and was among the throngs of the faithful who flocked there to hear the preached sermons for which it was renowned.  

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian, 1598-1680), Portrait of Cardinal Sforza Pallavicino, 1665-66. Red chalk on buff paper, 14 15/16 x 8 ¾ in. (37.9 x 22.2 cm), Yale University Art Gallery, Egmont Collection, Yale Library Transfer (1961.61.36). 

This landmark exhibition, organized to commemorate Fairfield University’s 75th anniversary, features artistic masterpieces from the Gesù itself, never before seen in America: Bernini’s bust of Roberto Bellarmino (the patron saint of Fairfield University), Gaulli’s monumental painted wood model of the apse, a shimmering gilt bronze altar sculpture by the versatile painter, draftsman and sculptor Ciro Ferri, the stunning jeweled cartagloria from the altar of St. Ignatius—a consummate example of Baroque goldsmith’s work—and the magnificent embroidered chasuble of the church’s great benefactor, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese. These treasures are joined by more than forty paintings, sculptures, rare books, precious objects, drawings, and prints by Bernini, Domenichino, Gaulli, Ciro Ferri, Carlo Maratti, and Andrea Pozzo, among other luminaries of the Baroque period, generously lent by numerous American museums and private collections.  

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Italian, 1598-1680), Putti Carrying the Cross, 1672-75. Charcoal and black chalk, with stumping, on ivory laid paper 10 7/8 x 7 15/16 in. (27.50 x 20.20 cm). The Art Institute of Chicago, Margaret Day Blake Endowment and Harold Joachim Memorial Endowment Fund, 1993.173. Photo: The Art Institute of Chicago / Art Resource, NY

Together these masterpieces tell the fascinating and intertwined stories of the church’s early history and splendid interior embellishment, and the foundational chapters of the Society of Jesus. Within this overarching narrative are a number of “sub-plots” that the exhibition also highlights: the enviable patronage of the powerful Farnese family, who championed the cause of the new religious order and funded the building of the Gesù (though with vexing strings attached); the push to suitably embellish its austere and barren interior and dedicate and outfit its principal altars, and the creation of a new imagery exalting and promoting the Society’s founders, Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, following their canonization in 1622. The two other Jesuit churches founded in Rome in the 17th century, Sant’Ignazio and Sant’Andrea al Quirinale (the latter designed by Bernini) are also part of this presentation.  

Francesco Bertos (Italian, 1693-1733), Francis Xavier with an Angel Holding a Crucifix, ca. 1720-1725. Bronze, 25 x 14 x 6 1/6 in (63.5 x 35.56 x 15.66 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010.114. Purchase, Assunta Sommella Peluso, Ignazio Peluso, Ada Peluso and Romano I. Peluso Gift, 2010. Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY

This landmark exhibition will give visitors to the museum an unparalleled window onto the extraordinary works of art found within the walls of the Gesù, the immensely talented artists who created them, and the illustrious and strong-willed personalities whose ambitions—and financial means—made it all possible. 

The exhibition is organized by Linda Wolk-Simon, Ph.D., Frank and Clara Meditz Director and Chief Curator of the Fairfield University Art Museum.  

Francesco Bertos (Italian, 1693-1733), Ignatius Loyola with an Angel Holding a Book Inscribed with the Motto of the Society of Jesus, ca. 1720-1725. Bronze, 24 5/8 x 13 7/8 x 4 5/8 in (62.54 x 35.24 x 11.74 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010.113. Purchase, Assunta Sommella Peluso, Ignazio Peluso, Ada Peluso and Romano I. Peluso Gift, 2010. Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY

Distinguished scholars serving on the exhibition planning committee are Christopher M. S. Johns, Norman L. and Roselea J. Goldberg Professor of History of Art, Vanderbilt University; Franco Mormando, Professor of Italian and Chairperson, Department of Romance Languages and Literatures; Boston College; John O’Malley, S. J., University Professor, Department of Theology, Georgetown University; Louise Rice, Associate Professor of Art History, New York University; and Xavier F. Salomon, Peter J. Sharp Chief Curator, The Frick Collection, New York. Philippe de Montebello, Director Emeritus of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, is Honorary Chair of the exhibition committee. 

“If I were still Director of the Metropolitan, I would be jealous of Fairfield doing this show. It’s simply incredible,” de Montebello said. “It brings to the Fairfield University Art Museum some of the greatest artists working in 17th-century Rome".

Chasuble of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, ca. 1575-1589. Silk embroidered with gold, silver and silk threads, 43 3/8 x 31 ½ in. (110 x 80 cm), Church of the Gesù, Rome (museum). Photo: © Zeno Colantoni

Domenico Zampieri, called Domenichino (Italian, 1581-1641), Saint Ignatius of Loyola’s Vision of Christ and God the Father at La Storta, ca. 1622. Oil on canvas 65 3/8 x 38 5/8 in. (166.05 x 98.11 cm). Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Gift of The Ahmanson Foundation, M.89.59. Photo: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, www.lacma.org.

Ciro Ferri (Italian, 1634-1689), Saint Teresa of Avila, ca. 1687-89. Gilt bronze, 28 ¾ x 19 ¾ x 9 ¾ in. (73 x 50 x 25 cm). Church of the Gesù, Rome (museum), from the altar of Saint Ignatius. Photo: © Zeno Colantoni.

Ciro Ferri (Italian, 1634-1689), The Death of Saint Francis Xavier, 1674-1679. Black chalk 20 1/16 x 12 5/8 in. (50.95 x 32.06 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Mrs. Carl Selden and Florence and Carl Selden Foundation Gifts, 1966 (66.9).

Carlo Maratti (Italian, 1625-1713), Apotheosis of Saint Francis Xavier, ca. 1674-79. Pen and brown ink, over traces of graphite, on ivory laid paper 11 1/8 x 11 1/8 in. (28.25 x 28.25 cm). The Art Institute of Chicago, The Charles Deering Collection, 1927.4214.

Alessandro Algardi (Italian, 1598-1654), Saint Ignatius Loyola with Saints and Martyrs of the Jesuit Order, designed ca. 1629 and probably cast in the later 17th century by Giovanni Andrea Lorenzani (Italian, 1637-1712). Bronze, 11 ⅜ x 18 ⅝ in. (28.89 x 47.30 cm). Lent by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund, 1938 (38.152.20) Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY.

Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Italian, 1639-1709), Painted Model for the Apse Fresco of the Gesù, 1680. Oil on paper, laid down on wood, 39 ¾ x 78 ¾ x 39 3/8 in. (100 x 200 x 90 cm), Church of the Gesù, Rome (museum) Photo: © Zeno Colantoni.

Johann Adolf Gaap (German, active in Italy, 1667-1724), Cartegloria of Saint Ignatius, 1699. Silver, gilt bronze, lapis lazuli, and glass; 23 1/8 x 32 5/8 in. (59 x 83 cm), large; 15 3/4 x 13 3/4 in. (40 x 35 cm), small Church of the Gesù, Rome (museum), from the altar of Saint Ignatius. Photo: © Zeno Colantoni