Rank badge with a pair of cranes, Joseon dynasty (1392–1910), late 19th century. Silk embroidery on silk satin damask, 21 x 19.1 cm. Seymour Fund, 1953 (53.60.9). © 2000–2024 The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

In 1454, the court of the Joseon dynasty (1392–1910) adopted a system of insignia of rank for civil and military officials based on that of China's Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Square badges of embroidered birds and animals on silk were worn on the front (hyung) and back (bae) of official costumes. They are clearly differentiated from the round badges embroidered with a dragon (called bo) worn by the king and the crown prince on the front, back, and shoulders of their court attire. Besides being ornamental, rank badges served as visible status markers in a society that prized strict social and political hierarchy. Initially permitted for wear by civil and military officials of the third rank and higher, eventually the use of rank badges was broadened to all nine ranks. Regulations on the specific animal imagery and correlating ranks evolved over the course of the Joseon dynasty. Rank badges with a pair of cranes were usually reserved for civil officials of the first to third rank. The system of hyungbae was suspended in 1899.