Ci Lan Tang, Studio of the Bestowed Orchid, named after the orchid bestowed upon Pan Zuyin by Empress Dowager Cixi. Qingtian stone Seal by Zhao Zhiqian (1829-1884), Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Length 3.4 cm, Width 7.3 cm, Height 4.8 cm. © Shanghai Museum 

Zhao Zhiqian was a versatile man of the late Qing dynasty, noted for painting, calligraphy and seal carving. His seal with inscription Ci Lan Tang was commissioned by Pan Zuyin, the Minister of Works. Pan named his building Ci Lan Tang (House of the Awarded Orchid Brush) for being granted by Empress Dowager Cixi with the Orchid Brush. This seal is decorated with vigorous double dragons. The seal script followed the style of calligraphy style of Deng Shiru, showing free and dynamic momentum.